Selected Citations in Scientific Literature

Of the hundreds of articles citing Research Diets, Inc. formulas,
the following may be of particular interest:

A10014, A10015, A10016, A10022

1. DeFabo EC, Webber, LJ, Ulman EA, & Broemeling LD. Dietary L-Histidine Regulates Murine Skin Levels of Trans-Urocanic Acid , an Immune-Regulating Photoreceptor, with an Unanticipated Modulation: Potential Relevance to Skin Cancer. J. Nutr. 127:2158-2164, 1997.

C11024 The "Condensed Milk Diet;" also see D12266B the purified diet version.

1. Archer, Z.A., Rayner, J.S., Duncan, L.M., & Mercer, J.G. Introduction of a High-Energy Diet Acutely Up-Regulates Hypothalmic Cocaine and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript, Mc4R and Brown Adipose Tissue Uncoupling Protein-1 Gene Expression in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 17:10-17, 2005.

2. Archer, Z.A., Rayner, D.V., Rozman, J. Klingenspor, M., & Mercer, J.G. Normal Distribution of Body Weight Gain in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a High-Energy Diet. Obesity Research. 11:1376-1383, 2003

3. Levin, B.E. Arcuate NPY neurons and energy homeostasis in diet-induced obese and resistant rats. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol. R1357-R1364, 2000.

4. Levin, Barry & Keesey, Richard. Defense of differing body weight set points in diet-induced obese and resistant rats. American Journal of Physiology. 43:R412-R419, 1998.

5. Levin, Barry & Dunn-Meynell, Ambrose. Sibutramine alters the central mechanisms regulating the defended body weight in diet-induced obese rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol. 279: R2222-R2228, 2000

6. Levin, Barry E. & Dunn-Meynell. Defense of body weight against chronic caloric restriction in obesity-prone and –resistant rats. Am J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Phystol. 278:R231-R237, 2000.

7. Levin, Barry E. & Dunn-Meynell. Reduced central leptin sensitivity in rats with diet-induced obesity. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 283: R941-R948, 2002.

8. Levin, Barry E., Dunn-Meynell, Ambrose A. & Banks, William A. Obesity-prone rats have normal blood-brain barrier transport but defective central leptin signaling prior to obesity onset. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol Metab. 285:E949-E957, 2003.

9. Levin, Barry E., Dunn-Meynell, Ambrose A., McMinn, Julie E., Alperovich, Michael, Cunningham-Bussel, Amy, & Chua, Streamson C. A new obesity-prone, glucose-intolerant rat strain (F. DIO). Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 285:R1184-R1191, 2003.

10. Michel, C., et al. Stress facilitates body weight gain in genetically predisposed rats on medium-fat diet. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 285: R791-R799, 2003.

11. Ricci, M.R. & Levin, B.E., Ontogeny of diet-induced obesity in selectively bred Sprague-Dawley rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 285: R610-R618, 2003.

12. Takes, Nancy C. & Levin, B.E. Obesity-prone rats have preexisting defects in their counterregulatory response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 287: R1110-R1115, 2004.

13. West, D.B. et al. Dietary obesity in nine inbred mouse strains. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 262: R1025-R1032, 1992.

14. Levin, B.E. & Dunn-Meynell, Ambrose. Defense of body weight depends on dietary composition and palatability in rats with diet-induced obesity. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 282: R46-R54, 2001.

15. Levin, B.E. & Dunn-Meynell, Ambrose. Maternal obesity alters adiposity and monoamine function in genetically predisposed offspring. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 283:R1087-R1093, 2002.

16. Levin, B.E. et al. Abnormalities of leptin and ghrelin regulation in obesity-prone juvenile rats. Am. J. Endocrinol Metab. 285: E949-E957, 2003.

17. Pelleymounter, Mary Ann, et al. Behaivioral and neuroscience effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides. 25:659-666, 2004

18. West DB, et al. Dietary obesity in nine inbred mouse strains. Am. J. Phys. 262:R1025-1032, 1992.

19. Levin BE, et al. Resistance to diet-induced obesity: food intake, pancreatic sympathetic tone, and insulin. Am. J. Phys.252(3 Pt 2):R471-R478, 1987.

20. Levin BE, et al. Glucose-induced norepinephrine levels and obesity resistance. Am J Phys.253(3 Pt 2):R475-81, 1987.

21. Levin BE, Reduced norepinephrine turnover in organs and brains of obesity-prone rats. Am. J. Physiol. 268:R389-R394, 1995.

22. Levin, B. E. Reduced norepinephrine turnover in organs and brains of obesity-prone rats. Am.J.Physiol 268: R389-R394, 1995.

23. Levin, B. E., A. A. Dunn-Meynell, B. Balkan, and R. E. Keesey. Selective breeding for diet-induced obesity and resistance in Sprague- Dawley rats. Am.J.Physiol 273: R725-R730, 1997.

24. Levin, B. E. and A. A. Dunn-Meynell. Dysregulation of arcuate nucleus preproneuropeptide Y mRNA in diet- induced obese rats. Am.J.Physiol 272: R1365-R1370, 1997.

25. Levin, B. E., E. K. Govek, and A. A. Dunn-Meynell. Reduced glucose-induced neuronal activation in the hypothalamus of diet- induced obese rats. Brain Res. 808: 317-319, 1998.

26. Levin, B. E. and E. Govek. Gestational obesity accentuates obesity in obesity-prone progeny. Am.J.Physiol 275: R1374-R1379, 1998.

27. Levin, B. E. and R. E. Keesey. Defense of differing body weight set points in diet-induced obese and resistant rats. Am.J.Physiol 274: R412-R419, 1998.

28. Levin, B. E. Arcuate NPY neurons and energy homeostasis in diet-induced obese and resistant rats. Am.J.Physiol 276: R382-R387, 1999.

29. Levin, B. E. and A. A. Dunn-Meynell. Sibutramine alters the central mechanisms regulating the defended body weight in diet-induced obese rats. Am.J.Physiol Regul.Integr.Comp Physiol 279: R2222-R2228, 2000.

30. Levin, B. E., D. Richard, C. Michel, and R. Servatius. Differential stress responsivity in diet-induced obese and resistant rats. Am.J.Physiol Regul.Integr.Comp Physiol 279: R1357-R1364, 2000.

31. Levin, B. E. and A. A. Dunn-Meynell. Defense of body weight against chronic caloric restriction in obesity- prone and -resistant rats. Am.J.Physiol Regul.Integr.Comp Physiol 278: R231-R237, 2000.

32. Levin, B. E. and A. A. Dunn-Meynell. Defense of body weight depends on dietary composition and palatability in rats with diet-induced obesity. Am.J.Physiol Regul.Integr.Comp Physiol 282: R46-R54, 2002.

C11025  

Salisbury , B.G. et al. Hypocholesterolemic activity of a novel inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, SCH48461. Atherosclerosis.115: 45-63, 1995.

C11201

1. Pratico D, et al. Vitamin E suppresses isoprostane generation in vivo and reduces atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. Nat. Med. 4:1189-92, 1998.

C11070, C13002

1. Conde-Knape, K. et al. Overexpression of apoC-III produces lesser hypertriglyceridemia in apoB-48-only gene-targeted mice than in apoB-100-only mice. Journal of Lipid Research. 45: 2235-2244, 2004.

2. Frederiksen, K.S. et al. Prediction of PPAR-a ligand-mediated physiological changes using gene expression profiles. Journal of Lipid Research. 45: 592-601, 2004.

3. Jiang, Xian-cheng et al. Targeted mutation of plasma phospholipids transfer protein gene markedly reduces high-density lipoprotein levels. The Journal for Clinical Investigation. 103:907-914, 1999.

4. Sauerberg, P. et al. Novel tricyclic-a/? agonists with hypolipidemic and antidiabetic activity. J. Med. Chem. 45:789-804, 2002.

5. Vikranadithyan, R. et al. Atherosclerosis in perlecan heterozygous mice. Journal for Lipid Research. 45: 1806-1812, 2004.

6. Paigen B, et al. Quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Atherosclerosis. 68:231-240, 1987.

7. Paigen B, et al. Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains of mice. Atherosclerosis. 57:65-73, 1985.

8. Arai T, Wang N, Bezouevski M, Welch C, and Tall AR. Decreased atherosclerosis in heterozygous low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice expressing the scavenger receptor Bl transgene, J. Biol. Chem. 274:2366-2371, 1999.

9. Chouinard RA Jr, Luo Y, Osborne TF, Walsh A, and Tall AR. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 activates the cholesterol ester transfer protein gene in vivo but is not required for sterol up-regulation of gene expression. J. Biol. Chem. 273:22409-22414, 1998.

10. Wang N, Arai T, Ji Y, Rinninger F, and Tall AR. Liver-specific over expression of scavenger receptor Bl decreases levels of very low density lipoprotein ApoB, low density lipoprotein ApoB, and high density lipoprotein in transgenic mice. J. Biol. Chem. 273:32920-32926, 1998.

C13004

1. J. Shelton, D. Wang, H. Gupta, J. M. Wyss, S. Oparil and C. R. White. The neointimal response to endovascular injury is increased in obese Zucker rats. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 5, 2003, 415–423.

2. Macchia P. E., et al. RXR receptor agonist suppression of thyroid function: central effects in the absence of thyroid hormone receptor. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283: E326–E331, 2002.

C14087, C14088, C14089, C14091, C14093

1. Nicolosi RJ, Wilson TA, Rogers EJ, & Kritchevky D. Effects of specific fatty acids (8:0, 14:0, cis-18:1, trans-18:1) on plasma lipoproteins, early atherogenic potential, and LDL oxidative properties in the hamster. J. Lipid Res. 39:1972-1980, 1998.

C40029

1. Van Heek M, Austin TM, et al. Rhesus monkeys develop variable obesity and metabolic profiles after chronic consumption of a high fat Western diet.

D10001 (a.k.a. AIN-76A)

1. Lien, E.L. et al. Comparison of AIN-76A and AIN-93G diets: a 13-week study in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 39:385-392, 2001.

2. American Institute of Nutrition. AIN report of the AIN ad hoc committee on standards for nutritional studies.J. Nutr. 107:1340-1348, 1977.

3. American Institute of Nutrition. AIN second report of the AIN ad hoc committee on standards for nutritional studies. J. Nutr. 110:1726, 1980.

4. Clinton SK , Mulloy AL, Li SP, Manglan HJ, & Visek WJ. Dietary Fat and Protein Intake Differ in Modulation of Prostate Tumor Growth, Prlactin Secretion and Metabolism, and Prostate Gland Prolactin Binding Capacity in Rats. J. Nutr. 127:225-237, 1997.

D10541, D10543, D10555, D10556

Boileau TWM, Clinton SK, & Erdman JW Jr. Tissue Lycopene Concentrations and Isomer Patterns Are Affected by Androgen Status and Dietary Lycopene Concentration in Male F344 Rats. J. Nutr. 130:1613-1618, 2000.

D10574BM

Jyonouchi, H. et al. Dietary ribonucleotides modulate type 1 and type 2 T-helper cell responses against ovalbumin in young BALB/cJ mice. Journal of Nutrition. 131:1165-1170, 2001.

D11513

Krause, B.R. et al. Opposite effects of bezafibrate and gemfibrozil in both normal and hypertriglyceride rats. Atherosclerosis.127:91-101, 1996.

D11532 & D11533

1. Talbott, S.M. et al. Energy restriction reduces bone density and biochemical properties in aged female rats. Journal of Nutrition. 131:2382-2387, 2001.

2. Talbott SM, Rothkopf MM, & Shapses SA. Dietary Restriction of Energy and Calcium Alters Bone Turnover and Density in Younger and Older Female Rats. J. Nutr. 128:640-645, 1998.

D11714

1. Plata-Salaman CR, Peloso E, & Satinoff E. Cytokine-induced fever in obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/Fa) Zucker rats. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 44):R1353-R1357, 1998.

D11724, D11725, D12344

1. Bizeau, M. E. et al. A high-sucrose diet increases gluconeogenic capacity in isolated periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes. American Journal of Endocrinal Metabolism. E695-E702, 2001.

2. Bizeau, M. E. et al.Skeletal muscle sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c decreases with food deprivation and increases with feeding in rats. Journal of Nutrition. 133:1787-1792, 2003.

3. Commerford, S.R. et al. Hyperglycemia compensates for diet-induced insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle of rats. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol. 281:R1380-R1389, 2001.

4. Commerford, S.R. et al. Diets enriched in sucrose or fat increase gluconeogenesis and G-6-Pase but not basal glucose production in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol Metab. E545-E555, 2002.

5. Davidoff, A.J. et al. Sucrose-induced cardiomyocyte to dysfunction is both preventable and reversible with clinically relevant treatments. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol Metab. E718-E724, 2004.

6. Dutta, Kaushik et. Al. Cardiomyocyte disfunction in sucrose-fed rats is associated with insulin resistance. Diabetes. 50:1186-1192, 2001.

Haugen, B.R. et al. Retinoid X receptor ?-deficient mice have increased skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity and less weight gain when fed a high-fat diet. Endocrinology. 8:3679-3685, 2004.

7. Kim, Jong-Yeon et al. Insulin resistance of muscle glucose transport in male and female rats fed a high-sucrose diet. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45:R665-R672, 1999.

Pagliassotti, M. J. et al. Changes in insulin action, triglycerides, and lipid composition during sucrose feeding in rats. American Journal of Physiology. 40:R1319-R1326, 1996.

8. Pagliassotti, M. J. et al. Developmental stage modifies diet-induced peripheral insulin resistance in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory. Integrative comp. Physiol. 278:R66-R73, 2000.

9. Pagliassotti, M. J. et al. Elevated basal PI 3-kinase activity and reduced insulin signaling in sucrose-induced hepatic insulin resistance. AM. J. Physiol. Endocrinol Metab. 282:E170-E176, 2002.

10. Pagliassotti, M. J. et al. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity is not suppressed but the mRNA level is increased by a sucrose-enriched meal in rats. Journal of Nutrition. 133:32-37, 2003.

11. Podolin, D.A. et al. Effects of a high-fat diet and voluntary wheel running on gluconeogenesis and lipolysis in rats. Journal of Applied Physiology. 86:1374-1380, 1999.

12. Schlaepfer, I.R. et al. Increased expression of the SNARE accessory protein Munc18c in lipid-mediated insulin resistance. Journal of Lipid Research. 44:1174-1181, 2003.

13. Wei, Yuren & Pagliassotti, M. J. Hepatospecific effects of fructose on c-jun NH 2 -terminal kinase: implications for hepatic insulin resistance. Am. J. Physiol> Endocrinol Metab. 287:E926-E933, 2004.

14. Wei, Yuren, et al. An acute increase in fructose concentration increases hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA via mechanisms that are independent of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in rats. Journal of Nutrition. 134:545-551, 2004.

15. Wei, Yuren, et al. Fructose selectively modulates c-jun N-Terminal kinase activity and insulin signaling in rat primary hepatocytes.. Journal of Nutrition. 135:1642-1646, 2005.

16. Pagliassotti, M et al. Tissue oxidative capacity, fuel stores and skeletal muscle fatty acid composition in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats. Obes. Res. 3:459-64, 1995.

17. Gayles EC, Pagliassotti MJ, Prach PA. Koppenhafer TA, & Hill JO. Contribution of energy intake and tissue enzymatic profile to body weight gain in high-fat-fed rats. Am. J. Physiol. 272:R188-R194, 1997.

18. Bizeau ME, Short C, Thresher JS, Commerford SR, Willis WT, & Pagliossotti MJ. Increased pyruvate flux capacities account for diet-induced increases in gluconeogenesis in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 281:R427-R433, 2001.

19. Bizeau ME, Thresher JS, & Pagliossotti MJ. A high-sucrose diet increases gluconeogenic capacity in isolated periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 280:E695-E702, 2001.

20. Commerford SR, Pagliossotti MJ, Melby CL, Wei Y, Gayles EC, & Hill JO. Fat oxidation, lipolysis, and free fatty acid cycling in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 279:E875-E885, 2000.

21. Commerford SR, Pagliossotti MJ, Melby CL, Wei Y, & Hill JO. Inherent capacity for lipogenesis or dietary fat retention is not increased in obesity-prone rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 280:R1680-R1687, 2001.

22. Horton TJ, Gayles EC, Prach PA. Koppenhafer TA, & Pagliassotti MJ. Female rats do not develop sucrose-induced insulin resistance. Am. J. Physiol. 272:R1571-R1576, 1997.

23. Morin CL, Eckel RH, Marcel T, & Pagliassotti MJ. High fat diets elevate adipose tissue-derived tumor necrosis factor- alpha activity. Endocrinology 138:4665-4671, 1997.

24. Morin CL, Gayles EC, Podolin DA, Wei Y, Xu M, & Pagliassotti MJ. Adipose tissue-derived tumor necrosis factor activity correlates with fat cell size but not insulin action in aging rats. Endocrinology 139:4998-5005, 1998.

25. Pagliassotti MJ, Shahrokhi KA, & Hill JO. Skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in obesity-prone abd obesity-resistant rats. Am. J. Physiol. 264:R1224-R1228, 1993. 7. Horton TJ, Gayles EC, Prach PA. Koppenhafer TA, & Pagliassotti MJ. Female rats do not develop sucrose-induced insulin resistance. Am. J. Physiol. 272:R1571-R1576, 1997.

26. Pagliassotti MJ, Knobel SM, Shahrokhi KA, & Hill JO. Time course of adaptation to a high-fat diet in obesity-resistant and obesity-prone rats. Am. J. Physiol. 267:R659-R664, 1994

27. Pagliassotti MJ, Shahrokhi KA, & Moscarello M. Involvement of liver and skeletal muscle in sucrose-induced insulin resistance: dose-response studies. Am. J. Physiol. 266:R1637-R1644, 1994.

28. Pagliassotti MJ & Prach PA. Quantity of sucrose alters the tissue pattern and time course of insulin resistance in young rats. Am. J. Physiol. 269:R641-R646, 1995.

29. Podolin DA, Gayles EC, Wei Y, Thresher JS, & Pagliassoti MJ. Menhaden oil prevents but does not reverse sucrose-induced insulin resistance in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 43):R840-R848, 1998.

30. Thresher JS, Podolin DA, Wei Y, Mazzeo RS, & Pagliassotti MJ. Comparison of the effects of sucrose and fructose on insulin action and glucose tolerance. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Comp. Physiol. 279:R1334-R1340, 2000.

31. Commerford SR, Bizeau ME, McRae H, Jampolis A, Thresher JS, & Pagliossoti MJ. Hyperglycemia compensates for diet-induced insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle of rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 281:R1380-R1389, 2001.

32. Bizeau ME, Short C, Thresher JS, Commerford SR, Willis WT, & Pagliassotti MJ. Increased pyruvate flux capacities account for diet-induced increases in gluconeogenesis in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 281:R427-R433, 2001.

33. Kim J-Y, Nolte LA, Hansen PA, Han D-H, Kawanaka K, & Holloszy JO. Insulin resistance of muscle glucose transport in male and female rats fed a high-sucrose diet. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45):R665-R672, 1999.

34. Podolin DA, Wei Y, & Pagliassotti MJ. Effects of a high-fat diet and voluntary wheel running on gluconeogenesis and lipolysis in rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 86(4):1374-1380, 1999.

35. Pagliassotti MJ, Gayles EC, Podolin DA, Wei Y, & Morin CL. Developmental stage modifies diet-induced peripheral insulin resistance in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 278:R66-R73, 2000.

36. Pagliassotti MJ, Kang J, Thresher JS, Sung CK, & Bizeau ME. Elevated basal PI 3-kinase activity and reduced insulin signaling in sucrose-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 282:E170-E176, 2002.

37. Weigle, D. S. and B. E. Levin. Defective dietary induction of uncoupling protein 3 in skeletal muscle of obesity-prone rats. Obes.Res. 8: 385-391, 2000.

38. Pagliassotti MJ, Horton T J, Gayles EC, Koppenhafer TA, Rosenzweig TD, and. Hill JO. Reduced insulin suppression of glucose appearance is related to susceptibility to dietary obesity in rats. Am.J.Physiol 272: R1264-R1270, 1997.

39. Pagliassotti MJ and Prach PA. Increased net hepatic glucose output from gluconeogenic precursors after high-sucrose diet feeding in male rats. Am.J.Physiol 272: R526-R531, 1997.

40. Pagliassotti MJ, Gayles EC, Podolin DA, Wei Y, and Morin CL. Developmental stage modifies diet-induced peripheral insulin resistance in rats. Am.J.Physiol Regul.Integr.Comp Physiol 278: R66-R73, 2000.

41. Pagliassotti MJ, Kang J, Thresher JS, Sung CK, and Bizeau ME. Elevated basal PI 3-kinase activity and reduced insulin signaling in sucrose-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Am.J.Physiol Endocrinol.Metab 282: E170-E176, 2002.

42. Podolin DA, Gayles EC, Wei Y, Thresher JS, and Pagliassotti MJ. Menhaden oil prevents but does not reverse sucrose-induced insulin resistance in rats. Am.J.Physiol 274: R840-R848, 1998.

43. Smith EE, Ferguson VL, Simske SJ, Gayles EC, and Pagliassotti MJ. Effects of high fat or high sucrose diets on rat femora mechanical and compositional properties. Biomed.Sci.Instrum. 36: 385-390, 2000.

44. Thresher JS, Podolin DA, Wei Y, Mazzeo RS, and Pagliassotti MJ. Comparison of the effects of sucrose and fructose on insulin action and glucose tolerance. Am.J.Physiol Regul.Integr.Comp Physiol 279: R1334-R1340, 2000

D11742 & D11743

Thresher JS, Podolin DA, Wei Y, Mazzeo RS, & Pagliassotti MJ. Comparison of the effects of sucrose and fructose on insulin action and glucose tolerance. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Comp. Physiol. 279:R1334-R1340, 2000.

D12053

Beverly , J.L., et al. Hepatic vagotomy effects on metabolic challenges during parental nutrition in rats. American Journal of Physiology. 266:R646-R649, 1994.

D12079B

1. Beigneux, A.P., et al. ATP-Citrate lyase deficiency in the mouse. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279:9557-9564, 2004.

2. Bhat, B.G. et al. Inhibition of ileal bile acid transport and reduced atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice by SC-435. Journal of Lipid Research. 44:1614-1621, 2003.

3. Collins, A.R. et al. Troglitazone inhibits formation of early atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic and nondiabetic low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 21:365-371, 2001.

4. Davis, H.R., et al. Ezetimibe, a potent cholesterol absorption inhibitor, inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 21:2032-2038, 2001.

5. Lemaître, V., et al. Increased medial degradation with pseudo-aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice deficient in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. Circulation. 107:333-338, 2003.

6. Lemaître, V. et al. ApoE knockout mice expressing human matrix metalloproteinase-1 macrophages have less advanced atherosclerosis. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 107:1227-1234, 2001.

7. Ogus, S. et al. Hyperleptinemia precipitates diet-induced obesity in transgenic mice overexpressing leptin. Endocrinology. 144:2865-2869, 2003.

8. Park, Tae-Sik, et al. Inhibition of sphingomyelin synthesis reduces atherogeneesis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Circulation. 110:3465-3471, 2004.

9. Seli, E., et al. Estradiol suppresses vascular monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression during early atherogenesis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 187:1544-1549, 2002.

10. Collins AR, Meehan WP, Kintscher U, Jackson S, Wakino S, Noh G, Palinski W, Hsueh WA, & Law RE. Troglitazone inhibits formation of early atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic and non diabetic low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 21: 365-371, 2001.

D12086

1. Podolin DA, Gayles EC, Wei Y, Thresher JS, & Pagliassoti MJ. Menhaden oil prevents but does not reverse sucrose-induced insulin resistance in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 43):R840-R848, 1998.

D12102 to D12109

1. Lichtman AH, Clinton S et al. Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosclerotic Lesion Development in LDL Receptor-Deficient Mice Fed Defined Semi purified Diets With and Without Cholate. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. 1999; 19:1938-1944.

2. Cybulsky MI, Iiyama K, Li H, Zhu S, Chen M, Iiyama M, Davis V, Gutierrez-Ramos J-C, Connelly PW, & Milstone DS. A major role for VCAM-1, but not ICAM-1, in early atherosclerosis. J. Clin. Invest. 107:1255-1262, 2001.

D12266B, D12489B

1. Alberts, P. et al. Selective inhibition of 11ß-hydroxsteroid dehydrogenase type 1 decreases blood glucose concentrations in hyperglycaemic mice. Diabetologia. 45:1528-1532, 2002.

2. Alberts, P. et al. Selective inhibition of 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 improves hepatic insulin sensitivity in hyperglycemic mice strains. Endocrinology. 144:4755-4762, 2003.

3. Turnbull, A.V., et al. Selective antagonism of the NPY Y5 receptor does not have a major effect on feeding in rats. Diabetes. 51:2441-2449, 2002.

4. Block, M.H., et al. Discovery and optimization of a series of carbozole ureas as NPY5 antagonists for the treatment of obesity. J. Med. Chem. 45:3509-3523, 2002.

5. Boustany, C.M., et al. Activation of the systemic and adipose rennin-angiotesin system in rats with diet-induced obesity and hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287: R943-R949, 2004.

6. Chandler , P.C., et al. Change in CCK-8 response after diet-induced obesity and MC3/4-receptor blockade. Peptides. 25:299-306, 2004.

7. Chandler , P.C., et al. Feeding response to melanocortin agonist predicts preference for and obesity from a high-fat diet. Physiology and Behavior. 85:221-230, 2005.

8. Chen, A.S., et al. Role of the melanocortin-4 receptor in metabolic rate and food intake in mice. Transgenic Research. 9:145-154, 2000.

9. Clegg, D.J., et al. Reduced anorexic effects of insulin in obesity-prone rats fed a moderate-fat diet. Am. J. Physiol. 288:981-986, 2005.

10. DeRuisseuu, L.R., Parsons, A.D., & Overton, J.M. Adaptive thermogenesis is intact in B6 and A/J mice studied at thermoneutrality. Metabolism. 53:1417-1423, 2004.

11. Bobrian, A.D., et al. Effect of salt on hypertension and oxidative stress in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 285::F619-F628, 2003.

12. Dobrian A.D. et al. Pioglitazone prevents hypertension and reduces oxidative stress in diet-induced obesity. Hypertension. 43: 48-56, 2004.

13. Heinrichs, Stephen. Nonexercise muscle tension and behavioral fidgeting are positively correlated with food availability/palatability and body weight in rats. Physiology & Behavior. 79:199-207, 2003.

14. Larden, P.J., et al. Differential influence of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors ? and –a on food intake and energy homeostasis. Diabetes. 52:2249-2259, 2003.

15. Marsh, D.J., et al. Melanin-concentrating hormone 1 receptor-deficient mice are lean, hyperactive, and hyperphagic and have altered metabolism. PNAS. 99:3240-3245, 2002.

16. Shen, C.P., et al. Plasma agouti-related protein level: a possible correlation with fasted and fed states in humans and rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 14:607-610, 2002.

17. Singh, K.A., et al. Acute insulin-induced elevations of circulating leptin and feeding inhibition in lean but not obese rats. Am. J. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 289:373-379, 2005.

18. Singh, D.K., et al. Phosphorylation of supernatant protein factor enhances wits ability to stimulate microsomal squalene monooxygenase. The Journal of Biological achemistry. 278:5646-5651, 2003.

19. Strack, A.M. et, al. Regulation of body weight and carcass composition by sibutramine in rats. Obesity Research. 10:173-181, 2002.

20. Warden, C. H., et al. Identification of a congenic mouse line with obesity and body length phenotypes. DOI. 15:460-471, 2004.

21. Zhou, D., et al. Enhanced running wheel activity of both Mch 1r- and Pmch-deficient mice. Regulatory Peptides. 124:53-63, 2005.

22. Lauterio TJ, Davies MJ, DeAngelo M, Peyser M, & Lee J. Neuropeptide Y Expression and Endogenous Leptin Concentration in a Dietary Model of Obesity. Obes. Res.. 1999; 7:498-505.

23. Lauterio TJ, Bond JP, & Ulman EA. Development and characterization of a purified diet to identify obesity-susceptible and resistant rat populations. J. Nutr. 1994; 124:2172-2178.

24. Lauterio TJ, Barkan A, DeAngelo M, DeMott-Friberg R, & Ramirez R. Plasma growth hormone secretion is impaired in obesity-prone rats before onset of diet-induced obesity. Am. J. Physiol. 1998; 275:E6-11.

25. Dobrian AD, Davies MJ, Prewitt RL, & Lauterio TJ. Development of hypertension in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Hypertension. 2000; 35:1009-15.

26. Dobrian AD, Davies MJ, Schriver SD , Lauterio TJ, & Prewitt RL. Oxidative stress in a rat model of obesity-induced hypertension. Hypertension 2001; 37:554-560.

27. Levy JR, Lesko J, Krieg RJ, Adler RA & Stevens W. Leptin responses to glucose infusions in obesity-prone rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000; 279:E1088-1096.

28. Ghibaudi L, Cook J, Farley C, Van Heek M, & Hwa J. Fat Intake Affects Adiposity, Comorbidity Factors, and Energy Metabolism of Sprague-Dawley Rats. Obes. Res. 10:956-963. 2002

29. Turnbull A.V., Ellershaw L, Msters D.J., Birtles S, Boyer S, Carroll D, Clarkson P, Loxham S. G. J., McAulay P, Teague J.L., Foote K.M., Pease J. E., & Block M.H. Selective Antagonism of the NPY Y5 Receptor Does Not Have a Major Effect on Feeding in Rats. Diabetes. 51:2441-2449, 2002

D12283-D12291

1. Ehrich, T.H., et al. Diet, obesity and hyperglycemia in LG/J and SM/J mice. Obesity Research. 11:1400-1410, 2003.

2. West, David B, Waguespack, Jody, & McCollister, Stephanie. Dietary obesity in the mouse: interaction of strain with diet composition. American Physiology Society. 95:R658-R665.

D12290 and D122901

1. DeLany, J.P., et al. Conjugated linoleic acid rapidly reduces body fat content in mice without affecting energy intake. American Journal of Physiology. 45: R1172-R1179, 1999.

2. Hull , R.L. et al., Oophorectomy promotes islet amyloid formation in human islet amyloid polypeptide transgenic mice. Diabetes. 50:S184-S185, 2001.

3. Hull , R.L. et al. Increased dietary fat promotes islet amyloid formation and ß-cell secretory dysfunction in a transgenic mouse of islet amyloid.

4. Wang, Feng, et al. Islet amyloid develops diffusely throughout the pancreas before becoming severe and replacing endocrine cells. Diabetes. 50:2514-2520, 2001.

5. West, D.B., Blohm, F.Y., Truett, A.A., & DeLany, J.P. Conjugated linoleic acid persistently increases total energy expenditure in AKR/J mice without increasing uncoupling protein gene expression. Journal of Nutrition. 130:2471-2477.

6. West DB, Delany JP, Camet, PM, Blohm F, Truett AA, & Scimeca J. Effects of conjugated lineolic acid on body fat and energy metabolism in the mouse. Am. J. Physiol. 1998; 276:R1172-R1179 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45).

D12327

1. Farrelly, D., et al. Mice mutant for glucokinase regulatory protein exhibit decreased liver glucokinase: a sequestration mechanism in metabolic regulation. PNAS. 96: 14511-14516, 1999.

2. Imai, T., et al. Impaired adipogenesis and lipolysis in the mouse upon selective ablation of the retinoid X receptor a mediated by a tamoxifen-inducible chimeric Cre recomninase (Cre-ER T2 ) in adipocytes. PNAS. 98:224-228.

3. Picard, F., et al. SRC-1 and TIF2 control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues. Cell. 111:931-941, 2002.

4. Shaughnessy, Sara, et al. Adipocyte metabolism in adipocyte fatty acid binding protein knockout (aP2 -/- ) mice after short-term high-fat feeding. Diabetes. 49:904-911, 2000.

D12328, D12329, D12330 and D12331

1. Baffy, G., et al. Obesity-related fatty liver is unchanged in mice deficient for mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2. Hepatology. 35:753-761, 2002.

2. Bale, T.L., et al. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-2-deficient mice display abnormal homeostatic responses to challenges of increased dietary fat and cold. Endocrinology.

3. Brownlow, B., et al. The role of motor activity in diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice. Physiology & Behavior. 60:37-41, 1996.

4. Collins, Sheila & Surwit, Richard. Pharmacologic manipulation of ob expression in a dietary model of obesity. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271:9437-9440, 1996.

5. Collins, S., et al. Genetic variation to diet-induced obesity in the C57BL/6J mouse: physiological and molecular characteristics. Physiology & Behavior. 81:243-248, 2004.

6. Fruebis, J., et al. Proteolytic cleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte complement-related protein increases fatty acid oxidation in muscle and cause weight loss in mice. PNAS. 98:2005-2010, 2001.

7. Gimmeno, R.E., et al. Targeted deletion of fatty acid transport protein-4 results in early embryonic lethality. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278:49512-49516,2003.

8. Guerra, C., et al. Emergence of brown adipocytes in white fat mice is under genetic control. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 102:412-420, 1998.

9. Hohmann, J.G., et al. Obesity and endocrine dysfunction in mice with deletions of both neuopeptide Y and galanin. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24:2978-2985, 2004.

10. Ishihara, Y., et al. Effects of diet and time of day on serum and CSF leptin levels in Osborne-Mendel and S5B/PI rats. Obesity Research. 12:1067-1076, 2004.

11. Kim, J., et al. Inactivation of fatty acid transport protein 1 prevents fat-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 113:756-763, 2004.

12. Liu, X., et al. Paradoxical resistance to diet-induced obesity in UCP1-deficient mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 111:399-407, 2003.

13. Morton, N., et al. Novel adipose tissue-mediated resistance to diet-induced visceral obesity in 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1-deficient mice. Diabetes. 53:931-938, 2004.

14. Münzberg, H. Region-specific leptin resistance within the hypothalamus of diet-induced obese mice. Endocrinology. 145:4880-4889, 2004.

15. Paterson , J.M., et al. Metabolic syndrome without obesity: hepatic overexpression of 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in transgenic mice. PNAS. 101:7088-7093, 2004.

16. Petro, A.E., et al. Fat, carbohydrate, and calories in the development of diabetes and obesity in the C57BL/6J mouse. Metabolism. 53:454-457,2004.

17. Pittner, RA, Effects of PYY[3-36] in rodent models of diabetes and obesity. International Journal of Obesity. 28:963-971, 2004.

18. Prpic, V., et al. Differential Mechanisms and development of leptin resistance in A/J versus C57BL/6J mice during diet-induced obesity. Endocrinology. 144:1155-1163, 2002.

19. Prpic, V., et al. Adaptive changes in adipocyte gene expression differ in AKR/J and SWR/J mice during diet induced obesity. Journal of Nutrition. 132:3325-3332, 2002.

20. Rossmeisl, M., et al. Variation in type 2 diabetes-related traits in mouse strains susceptible to diet-induced obesity. Diabetes. 52:1958-1966, 2003.

21. Surwitt, R.S., et al. Diet-induced changes in uncoupling proteins in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant strains of mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA . 95:4061-4065, 1998.

22. Szcypka, M.S., et al. Feeding behavior in dopamine-deficient mice. PNAS. 96:12138-12143, 1999.

23. Tsai, Yau-Sheng, et al. Hypertension and abnormal fat distribution but not insulin resistance in mice with P465L PPAR?. The Journal for Clinical Investigation. 114:241-249, 2004.

24. Tsukiyama-Kohara, Kyoko, et al. Adipose tissue reduction in mice lacking the translational inhibitor 4E-BP1. Nature Medicine. 7:1128-1132, 2001.

25. Vigliotta, G., et al. Overexoression of the ped/pea-15 gene causes diabetes by impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in addition to insulin action. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24:5005-5015, 2004.

26. Williams. T.D., et al. Diet-induced obesity and cardiovascular regulation in C57BL/6J mice. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 30:769-778, 2003.

27. Yu, X.X., et al. Characterization of a novel UCP5/BMCP1 isoforms and differential regulation of UCP$ and UCP5 expression through dietary or temperature manipulation. FASEB J. 14:1611-1618, 2000.

28. Yuan, M., et al. Reversal of obesity- and diet-induced insulin resistance with salicylates or targeted disruption of IKKß . Science. 293:1673-1677, 2001.

29. Zvonic, Sanjin, et al. The regulation and activatin of ciliary neurotrophic factor signaling proteins in adipocytes. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278:2228-2235, 2003.

30. Surwit RS, et al. Differential effects of fat and sucrose on body composition in A/J and C57BL/6 mice. Metabolism.. 1998;47:1354-9.

31. Surwit RS, et al. Reversal of diet-induced obesity and diabetes in C57BL/6J mice. Metabolism.. 1998;47:1089-96.

32. Surwit RS, et al. Pharmacologic manipulation of ob expression in a dietary model of obesity. J Biol Chem.. 1996; 271:9437-40.

33. Surwit RS, et al. Differential Effects of Fat and Sucrose on the Development of Obesity and Diabetes in C57BL/6J and A/J Mice. Metabolism. 1995; 44:645-651.

34. Watson P, Commins S, Beiler R, Hatcher H & Gettys T. Differential regulation of leptin expression and function an A/J vs C57BL/6J mice during diet-induced obesity.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000: 279; E356-365.

35. Guerre-Millo M, Gervois P, Raspe E, Madsen L, Poulain P, Derudas B, Herbert J, Winegar D, Willson T, Fruchart J, Berge R & Staels B. Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Alpha Activators Improve Insulin Sensitivity and Reduce Adiposity. JBC. 2000: 275; 16638-16642

36. Lenhard J, Croom D, Weiel J, Spaltenstein A, Reynolds D & Furfine E. Dietary Fat Alters HIV Protease Inhibitor-Induced Metabolic Changes in Mice. J Nutr. 2000: 130; 2361-2366

37. Surwit RS, Dixon T, Petro A, Daniel K & Collins S. Diazoxide Restores Beta-three Adrenergic Receptor Function in Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes. Endocrinol. 2000: 141; 3630-3637

38. Bachman ES, Dhillon H, Zhang C, Cinti S, Bianco AC, Kobilka BK & Lowell BB.ßAR Signaling Required for Diet-Induced Thermogenesis and Obesity Resistance. Science. 297:843-845. 2002

39. Hofmann, SM, et al. Defective Lipid Delivery Modulates Glucose Tolerance and Metabolic Response to Diet in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice. Diabetes 57:5–12, 2008.

D12336

1. Ivan, E., et al. Expansive arterial remodeling is associated with increased neointimal macrophage foam cell content. Circulation. 105:2686-2691, 2002.

2. Lessner, S.M. Atherosclerotic lesions grow through recruitment and proliferation of circulating monocytes in a murine model. American Journal of Pathology. 160:2145-2155, 2002.

3. Lessner, S.M., et al. Compensatory vascular remodeling during atherosclerotic lesion growth depends on matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24:2123-2129, 2004.

4. Weiss D, Kools JJ, and Taylor WR. Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension Accelerates the Development of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice. Circulation 103: 448-454, 2001.

D12386 to D12389

1. Park EI, Paisley EA, Mangian HJ, Swartz DA, Wu M, O'Morchoe PJ, Behr SR, Visek WJ & Kaput J. Lipid Level and Typr Alter Stearoyl CoA Desaturase mRNA Abundance Differently in Mice with Distinct Susceptibilities to Diet-Influenced Diseases. J Nutr. 127: 566-573; 1997

D12395L

1. Brown, N., et al. Fas death receptor signaling represses monocyte numbers and macrophage activation in vivo. The Journal of Immunology. 173:7584-7593, 2004.

D12449L

1.Bessesen DH, Vensor SH & Jackman MR. Trafficking of dietary oleic, linolenic, and stearic acids in fasted or fed lean rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 278: E1124-1132; 2000

D12450B, D12451, D12492 The "Original High Fat Diets"

DIO Mouse Models

1. Alfadda, Axssim, et al. Mice with deletion of the mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene exhibit a thrifty phenotype: effect gender. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287: R147-R156, 2004.

2. Allan, Mark, Eisen, Eugene, & Pomp, Daniel. The M16 Mouse: An outbred Animal Model of Early Onset Polygenic Obesity and Diabesity. Obesity Research. 12: 1397-1407. 2004.

3. Andrikopoulos, Sofianos, et al. Extended life span is associated with insulin resistance in a transgenic mouse model of insulinoma secreting human islet amyloid polypeptide. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 286: E418-E424. 2004.

4. Anini, Younes & Brubaker, Patricia. Role of Leptin in the Regulation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion. Diabetes. 62: 252-269. 2003.

5. Blüher, Susann, et al. Responsiveness to Peripherally Administered Melanocortins in Lean and Obese Mice. Diabetes. 53: 82-90. 2004.

6. Bowen, Heather, Mitchell, Tiffany, Harris, Ruth. Method of leptin dosing, strain, and group housing influence leptin sensitivity in high-fat-fed weanling mice. Am. J. Of Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 284: R87-R100. 2003

7. Bråkenhielm, Ebba, et al. Angiogenesis Inhibitor, TNP-470, Prevents Diet-Induced and Genetic Obesity in Mice. Circ Res. 94:1-10.2004.

8. Brommage, Robert. Validation and calibration of DEXA body composition in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol Metab. 285:E454-E459. 2002

9. Brunengraber, Daniel, et al. Influence of diet on the modeling of adipose tissue triglycerides during growth. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol Metab. 285:E917-E925. 2003.

10. Bullen, John, et al. Short-term resistance to diet-induced obesity in A/J mice is not associated with regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol Metab. 287:E662-E670. 2004.

11. Cha, Youn-Soo, et al. Acanthopanax senticosus Extract Prepared from Cultured Cells Decreases Adiposity and Obesity Indices in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High Fat Diet. Journal of Medicinal Food. 4:422-429. 2004.

12. Challis, B.G., et al. Mice lacking pro-opiomelanocortin are sensitive to high-fat feeding but respond normally to the acute anorectic effects of peptide-YY3-36. PNAS. 101:4695-4700. 2004.

13. Chen, Jerry, et al. Physiologic and Pharmacologic Factors Influencing Glyceroneogenic Contribution to Triacylglyceride-Glycerol, Measured By Mass Isotopomer Distribution Analysis. The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol,ogy. 2005.

14. Cohen, Alex, et al. Caveolin-1-deficient mice show insulin resistance and defective insulin receptor protein expression in adipose tissue. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 285:C222-C235. 2003.

15. Combs, Terry P., et al. A Transgenic Mouse with a Deletion in the Collagenous Domain of Adiponectin and Improved Insulin Sensitivity. Endocrinology. 145:367-383. 2004.

16. Conarello, Stacey, et al. Mice lacking dipeptidyl peptidase IV are protected against obesity and insulin resistance. PNAS. 100:6825-6830. 2003.

17. Della-Fera, Mary, et al. Resistance to IP leptin-induced adipose apoptosis caused by high-fat diet in mice. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 303:1053-1057. 2003.

18. Dhar, Madhu, et al. Mice Heterozygous for Atp 10c, a Putative Amphipath Represent a Novel Model of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Nutrition. 134:799-805. 2004.

19. El-Haschimi, Karim, et al. Insulin Resistance and Liposystrophy in Mice Lacking Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2. Diabetes. 52:1340-1346. 2003.

20. El-Haschimi, Karim, et al. Two defects contribute to hypothalamic leptin resistance in mice with diet-induced obesity. J. Clin. Invest. 105:1827-1832. 2000.

21. Felipe, Francisco, et al. Modulation of Resistin Expression by Retinoic Acid and Vitamin A status. Diabetes. 53:882-889. 2004.

22. Feipe, F., et al. Up-Regulation of muscle uncoupling protein 3 gene expression in mice following high fat iet, dietary vitamin A supplementation and acute retinoic acid-treatment. International Journal of Obesity. 27:60-69. 2003.

23. Fewlass, Darius, et al. Obesity-related leptin regulates Alzheimer's Aß. FASEB. 18:1870-1878. 2004.

24. Freedman, Bethany , et al. A Dominant Negative Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-? Knock-in Mouse Exhibits Features of the Metabolic Syndrome. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 17:1718-1726. 2005.

25. Fu, Jin, et al. Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activatio3n of the nuclear receptor PPAR-a. Nature. 425:90-93.2003.

26. Gavrilova, Oksana, et al. Liver Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor ? Contributes to Hepatic Steatosis, Triglyceride Clearance, and Regulation of Body Fat Mass. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278:34268-34276. 2003.

27. Gerin, Isabelle, et al. LXRß is Required for Adipocyte Growth, Glucose Homeostasis and ß Cell Function. The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. 2005.

28. Guo, Kai-Ying, et al. Effects of obesity on the relationship of leptin mRNA expression and adipocyte size in anatomically distinct fat depots in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287:R112-R119. 2004.

29. Haltiner, Andrea, et al. Leptin action is modified by an interaction between dietary fat content and ambient temperature. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287:

30. R1250-R1255. 2004.

31. Haluzik, Martin, et al. PPAR-a deficiency does not alter insulin sensitivity in mice maintained on regular or high fat diet: the hyper insulinem,ic-euglycemic clamp studies. Endocrinology. 145:1662-16672004.

32. Hambly, Catherine, et al. Mice With Low Metabolic Rates Are Not Susceptible to Weight Gain When Fed a High-Fat Diet. Obesity Research. 13:556-566.2005.

33. Hancock, Arthur, et al. Antiobesity effects of A-331440, a novel non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonist. European Journal of Pharmacology. 487:183-197. 2004.

34. Hancock, A.A., et al. Antiobesity evaluation of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonist analogs of A-331440 with improved safety and efficacy. Inflammation Research. 54:S27-S29. 2005.

35. Hancock, A.A., et al. Histamine H3 antagonists in models of obesity. Inflammation Research. 53:S47-S48. 2004.

36. Harris, Ruth, et al. Leptin Resistance in mice is determined by gender and duration of exposure to high-fat diet. Physiology & Behaviro. 78:543-555. 2003.

37. Hennige, Anita, et al. Upregulation of insulin receptor substrate-2 in pancreatic ß cells prevents diabetes. J. Clin Invest. 112:1521-1532. 2003.

38. Hildebrandt, Audrey, et al. Antiobesity effects of chronic cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist treatment in diet-induced obese mice. European Journal of Pharmacology. 462:125-132. 2003.

39. Hildebrandt, Audrey, et al. Validation of a high-resolution X-ray computed tomography system to measure murine adipose tissue depot mass in situ and longitudinally. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. 47:99-106. 2002.

40. Hileman, Stanley, et al. Characterization of Short Isoforms of the Leptin Receptor in Rat Cerebral Microvessels and of Brain Uptake of Leptin in Mouse Models of Obesity. Endocrinology. 143:775-783. 2002.

41. Ho, Lap, et al. Diet-induced insulin resistance promotes amyloidosis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The FASEB Journal. 2004.

42. Holder, J. Lloyd, et al. Sim 1 gene dosage modulates the homeostatic feeding response to increased dietary fat in mice. Am. J. Physiol Metab. 287:E105-E113. 2004.

43. Ishii, Makoto, et al. Targeted disruption of GPR7, the endogenous receptor for neuropeptides B and W, leads to metabolic defects and adult-onset obesity. PNAS. 100:10540-10545. 2003.

44. Bolleddula, Jayaprakasam, et al., Amelioration of Obesity and Glucose Intolerance inHigh-Fat-Fed C57BL/6 Mice by Anthocyanins and Ursolic Acid in Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas). J. Agric. Food Chem. 54:243-248. 2006.

45. Jerez-Timaure, Nancy , et al. Characterization of QTL with Major Effects on Fatness and Growth on Mouse Chromosome 2. Obesity Research. 12:1408-1420. 204.

46. Jiang, Tao, et al., Diet Induced Obesity In C57bl/6j Mice Causes Increased Renal Lipid Accumulation And Glomerulosclerosis Via A Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-1c Dependent Pathway. The American Society for Biochemistry. 2005.

47. Jiang, Guoqlang, et al. Prevention of obesity in mice by antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2005.

48. Joseph, Jaime, et al. Uncoupling Protein 2 Knockout Mice Have Enhanced Insulin Secretory Capacity After a High-Fat Diet. Diabetes. 51:3211-3219. 2002.

49. Kim, S., et al. Effects of High-Fat Diet, Angiotensinogen (agt) Gene Inactivation, and Targeted Expression to Adipose Tissue on Lipid Metabolism and Renal Gene Expression. Horm. Metab. Res. 34:721-725. 2002.

50. Kishino, Eriko, et al. A Mixture of the Salacia reticulate (Kotala himbutu) Aqueous Extract and Cyclodextrin Reduces the Accumulation of Visceral Fat Mass in Mice and Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Journal of Nutrition. 136:433-439. 2006.

51. Klover, Peter, et al. Interleukin-6 Depletion Selectively Improves Hepatic Insulin Action in Obesity. Endocrinology. 146:3417-3427. 2005.

52. Kokkotou, Efi, et al. Mice with MCH ablation resist diet induced obesity through strain specific mechanisms. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2004.

53. Kowalski, T., et al. Transgenic overexpression of neuromedin U promotes leanness and hypophagia in mice. Journal of Endocrinology. 185:151-164. 2005.

54. Kumar, Monica, et al. Differential effects of a centrally acting fatty acid synthase inhibitor in lean and obese mice. PNAS. 99:1921-1925.2002.

55. Lambert, P.D., et al. Ciliary neurotrophic factor activates leptin-like pathways and reduces body fat, without cachexia or rebound weight gain, even in leptin resistant obesity. PNAS. 98:4652-4657. 2001.

56. LeLay, Soazig, et al. Decreased Resistin to Mice with Different Sensitivities to High-Fat Diet. Biochemical and Biophysical Communications. 289:564-567. 2001.

57. Lee, Jennifer, et al. Circulating resistin in lean, obese, and insulin-resistant mouse models: lack of association with insulinemia and glycemia. AJP-Endo. 288:625-632. 2005.

58. Li, Jinping, et al. Insig-1 “brakes” lipogenesis in sdipocytes and inhibits differentiation of preadipocytes. PNAS. 100:9476-9481. 2003.

59. Liang, Y. et al. Topiramate ameliorates hyperglycemia and improves glucose-stimulated insulin release in ZDF rats and db/db mice. Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism. 2004.

60. Longo, Kenneth, et al. Wnt10b Inhibits Development of White and Brown Adipose Tissues. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279:35503-35509. 2004.

61. Looije, Norbert, et al. Disodium Ascorbyl Phytostanyl Phosphates (FM-VP4) reduces plasma cholesterol concentration, body weight and abdominal fat gain within a dietary-induced obese mouse model. J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci. 3:400-408.2005.

62. Ludwig, David, et al. Melanin-concentrating hormone overexpression in transgenic mice leads to obesity and insulin resistance. Journal of Clinincal Investigation. 107:379-386. 2001.

63. Luo, Jiangming, et al. Reduced Fat Mass in Mice Lacking Orphan Nuclear Receptor Estrogen-Related Receptor a. Mollecular and Cellular Biology. 23:7947-7956. 2003.

64. Masaki, Megumi, et al. Role of Meltrin a (ADAM12) in Obesity Induced by High-Fat Diet. 146:1752-1763. 2005.

65. Masuzaki, Hiroaki, et al. A Transgenic Model of Visceral Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome. Science. 294:2166-2170.2001.

66. Moon, Yang Soo, et al. Mice Lacking Paternally Expressed Pref-1/Dlk1 Display Growth Retardation and Accelerated Adiposity. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22:5585-5592. 2002.

67. Mu, Huiling & Hoy, Carl-Erik. The digestion of dietary triacylglycerols. Progress in Lipid Research. 43:105-133. 2004.

68. Murray, Ian, et al. Acylation Stimulating Protein (ASP) Deficiency Alters Postprandial and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Male Mice. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274:36219-36225. 1999.

69. Nonogaki, Katsunori, et al. Leptin-independent hyperphagia and type 2 diabetes in mice with a mutated serotonin 5-HT2c receptor gene. Nature Medicine. 4:1152-1156. 1998.

70. Patsouris, David, et al. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor a Mediates the Effects of High-Fat Diet on Hepatic Gene Expression. Endocrinology. 147:1508-1516. 2006.

71. Phan, Loan, et al. The mouse mahoganoid coat color mutation disrupts a novel C3HC4 RING domain protein. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 110:1449-1459. 2002.

72. Pierroz, Dominique, et al. Effects of Acute and Chronic Administration of the Melanocortin Agonist MTII in Mice With Diet-Induced Obesity. Diabetes. 51:1337-1345. 2002.

73. Ragolia, Louis, et al. Accelerated Glucose Intolerance, Nephropathy, and Athersclerosis in Prostaglandin D2 Synthase Knockout Mice. The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. 2005.

74. Rahmouni, Kamal, et al. Role of Selective Leptin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obesity Hypertension. Diabetes. 54:2012-2018. 2005.

75. Rajala, Michael, et al. Regulation of Resistin Expression and Circulating Levels in Obesity, Diabetes, and Fasting. Diabetes. 53:1671-1679. 2004.

76. Rangwala, Shamina, et al. Genetic Modulation of PPAR? Phosphorylation Regulates Insulin Sensitivity. 5:657-663. 2003.

77. Razani, Babak, et al. Caveolin-1-deficient Mice Are Lean, Resistant to Diet-Induced Obesity, and Show Hypertriglyceridemia with Adipocyte Abnormalities. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277:8635-8647. 2002.

78. Rieusset, Jennifer, et al. A New Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor ? Antagonist with Antiobesity and Antidiabetic Activity. Molecular Endocrinology. 16:2628-2644. 2002.

79. Rosenfeld, Cheryl & Roberst, Michael. Maternal Diet and Other Factors Affecting Offspring Sex Ratio: A Review. 71:1063-1070. 2004.

80. Rosenfeld, Cheryl, et al. Striking variation in the sex ratio of pups born to mice according to whether maternal diet is high in fat or carbohydrate. PNAS. 100:4628-4632. 2003.

81. Roy, Suheeta, et al. A Biphasic Response of Hepatobiliary Cholesterol Metabolism to Dietary Fat at the onset of Obesity in the Mouse. Hepatology. 41:887-895. 2005.

82. Scheuner, Donalyn, et al. Control of mRNA translation preserves endoplasmic reticulum function in beta cells and maintains glucose homeostasis. Nature Medicine. 11:757-764. 2005.

83. Scroocchi, Louise & Drucker, Daniel. Effects of Aging and a High Fat Diet on Body Weight and Glucose Tolerance in Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor -/- Mice. Endocrinology. 139. 3127-3132. 1998.

84. Sleeman, Mar, et al. Absence of the lipid phodphatase SHIP2 confers resistance to dietary obesity. Nature Medicine. 2005.

85. Souers, Andre J., et al. Synthesis and evaluation of urea-based indazoles as melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists for the treatment of obesity. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 15:2752-2757. 2005.

86. Sparks , Lauren, A high-Fat Diet Coordinately Downregulates Genes Required for Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Skeletal Muscle. Diabetes. 54:1926-1933.2005.

87. Chirala, Subrahmanyam, et al. Fatty acid synthesis is essential in embryonic development: Fatty acid synthase null mutants and most of the heterozygotes die in utero. PNAS. 100:6358-6363. 2003.

88. Tabarin, Antoine, et al. Resistance to Diet-Induced Obesity in µ-Opiod Receptor-Deficient Mice. 54:3510-3516. 2005.

89. Takahashi, N., et al. Divergent Effects of Leptin in Mice Susceptible or Resistant to Obesity. Horm Metab Res. 34:691-697.2002.

90. Tanaka, Tomohiro, Skeletal Muscle AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation Parallels Metabolic Phenotype in Leptin Transgenic Mice Under Dietary Modification. Diabetes. 54:2365-2374. 2005.

91. Tang, Haiying, et al. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging tracks changes in organ and tissue mass in obese and aging rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 282:R890-R899. 2002.

92. Thupari, Jagan, et al. C75 increases peripheral energy utilization and fatty acid oxidation in diet-induced obesity. PNAS. 99:9498-9502. 2002.

93. Thupari, Jagan, et al. Chronic C75 treatment of diet-induced obese mice increases fat oxidation and reduces food intake to reduce adipose mass. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 287:E97-E104. 2004.

94. Toney, Jeffrey, et al. A “Mix and Read” Assay for Insulin Using Fluorometric Microvolume Assay Technology. ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies. 1:521-525.2003.

95. Tortoriello, Drew, et al. Dietary-Induced Obesity and Hypothalmic Infertility in Female DBA/2J Mice. Endocrinology. 145:1238-1247. 2004.

96. Tritos, Nicholas, et al. Estradiol-Induced Anorexia Is Independent of Leptin and Melanin Concentrating Hormone. Obesity Research. 12:716-724.2004.

97. Tu, Yojun, et al. C75 Alteres Central and Peripheral Gene Expression to Reduce Food Intake and Increase Energy Expenditure. Endocrinology. 146:486-493. 2005.

98. Valet, Philippe, et al. Expression of Human a2-Adrenergic Receptors in Adipose Tissue of ß3-Adrenergic Receptor-deficient Mice Promotes Diet-induced Obesity. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275:34797-34802. 2000.

99. Van Heek, Margaret, et al. Diet-induced Obese Mice develop Peripheral, but Not Central, Resistance to Leptin. J. Clin. Invest. 99:385-390. 1997.

100. Vidal-Puig, et al. Energy Metabolism is Uncoupling Protein 3 Gene Knockout Mice. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275:16258-16266. 2000.

101. Villena, Josep, et al. Induced Adiposity and Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Mice Lacking the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase-a2 Subunit. Diabetes. 53:2242-2249. 2004.

102. Wang, Wei, et al. GDF-3 is an adipogenic cytokine under high fat dietary condition. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 321:1024-1031. 2004.

103. Wei, P., et al. Glomerular structural and functional changes in a high-fat diet mouse model of early-stage Type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 47:1541-1549. 2004.

104. Weisberg, Stuart, et al. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J. Clin. Invest. 112:1796-1808.2003.

105. Weisberg, Stuart, et al. CCR2 modulates inflammatory and metabolic effects of high-fat feeding. J. Clin. Invest. 116:115-124. 2006.

106. Werner, Eric, et al. Insulin Resistance Due to Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 at Serine 302. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279:35298-35305. 2004.

107. Xu, Haiyan, et al. Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. J. Clin. Invest. 112:1821-1830. 2003.

108.Yamashita, Tadashi, et al. Enhanced insulin sensitivity in mice lacking ganglioside GM3. PNAS. 6: 3445-3449. 2003.

109. Yang, Jinzeng & Zhao, Baoping. Postnatal Expression of Myostatin PropMolecular Reproduction and Development. 73:462-469. 2006.

110. Yu, Ying, et al. Role of PYK2 in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 334:1085-1091. 2005.

111. Yu, Xing Xian, et al. Antisense Oligonucleotide Reduction of DGAT2 Expression Improves Hepatic Steatosis and Hyperlipidemia in Obese Mice. Hepatology. 42:362-371. 2005.

112. Zhao, Baoping, et al. Transgenic expression of myostatin propeptide prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Comunications. 337:248-255. 2005.

113. Ziotopoulou, Mary, et al. Differential expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides in the early phase of diet-induced obesity. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 279:E838-E845. 2000.

114. Banerjee, Ronadip, et al. Regulation of Fasted Blood Glucose by Resistin. Science. 303:1195-1198.2004.

115. Araki K, Masaki T, Katsuragi I, Tanaka K, Kakuma T, Yoshimatsu H. Telmisartan prevents obesity and increases the expression of uncoupling protein 1 in diet-induced obese mice. Hypertension. 2006;48:51-7.

116. Costford SR, Chaudhry SN, Salkhordeh M, Harper ME. Effects of the presence, absence, and overexpression of uncoupling protein-3 on adiposity and fuel metabolism in congenic mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 290:E1304-12.

117. Du X, Edelstein D, Obici S, Higham N, Zou MH, Brownlee M. Insulin resistance reduces arterial prostacyclin synthase and eNOS activities by increasing endothelial fatty acid oxidation. J Clin Invest. 2006; 116:1071-80.

118. Ito M, Suzuki J, Sasaki M, Watanabe K, Tsujioka S, Takahashi Y, Gomori A, Hirose H, Ishihara A, Iwaasa H, Kanatani A: Development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model through combination of high-fat diet and tetracycline with morbid obesity in mice. Hepatology Research. 2007;34:92-8.

119. Kobayashi M, Ikegami H, Fujisawa T, Nojima K, Kawabata Y, Noso S, Babaya N, Itoi-Babaya M, Yamaji K, Hiromine Y, Shibata M, Ogihara T: Prevention and treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes by bile acid-binding resin. Diabetes. 2007;56:239-47.

120. Lumeng CN, Bodzin JL, Saltiel AR. Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:175-84.

121. Lumeng CN, DeYoung SM, Bodzin JL, Saltiel AR: Increased inflammatory properties of adipose tissue macrophages recruited during diet-induced obesity. Diabetes. 2007;56:16-23.

122. Mandard S, Zandbergen F, van Straten E, Wahli W, Kuipers F, Muller M, Kersten S. The fasting-induced adipose factor/angiopoietin-like protein 4 is physically associated with lipoproteins and governs plasma lipid levels and adiposity. J Biol Chem. 2006; 281:934-44.

123. Millward CA, Heaney JD, Sinasac DS, Chu EC, Bederman IR, Gilge DA, Previs SF, Croniger CM. Mice with a deletion in the gene for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta are protected against diet-induced obesity. Diabetes. 2007;56:161-7.

124. Patsouris D, Reddy JK, Muller M, Kersten S. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha mediates the effects of high-fat diet on hepatic gene expression. Endocrinology. 2006;147:1508-16.

125. Phan LK, Chung WK, Leibel RL. The mahoganoid mutation (Mgrn1md) improves insulin sensitivity in mice with mutations in the melanocortin signaling pathway independently of effects on adiposity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291:E611-20.

126. Qu S, Altomonte J, Perdomo G, He J, Fan Y, Kamagate A, Meseck M, Dong HH. Aberrant Forkhead box O1 function is associated with impaired hepatic metabolism. Endocrinology. 2006;147:5641-52.

127. Ro HS, Zhang L, Majdalawieh A, Kim SW, Wu X, Lyons PJ, Webber C, Ma H, Reidy SP, Boudreau A, Miller JR, Mitchell P, McLeod RS. Adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 modulates adiposity and energy homeostasis. Obesity. 2007;15:288-302.

128. Rodrigue-Way A, Demers A, Ong H, Tremblay A: A growth hormone-releasing peptide promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and a fat burning-like phenotype through scavenger receptor CD36 in white adipocytes. Endocrinology. 2007;148:1009-18.

129. Sheng G, Chang GQ, Lin JY, Yu ZX, Fang ZH, Rong J, Lipton SA, Li SH, Tong G, Leibowitz SF, Li XJ. Hypothalamic huntingtin-associated protein 1 as a mediator of feeding behavior. Nat Med. 2006;12:526-33.

130. Wolfgang MJ, Kurama T, Dai Y, Suwa A, Asaumi M, Matsumoto S, Cha SH, Shimokawa T, Lane MD. The brain-specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1c regulates energy homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci. U S A. 2006;103:7282-7.

131. Xu AW, Ste-Marie L, Kaelin CB, Barsh GS. Inactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) neurons causes decreased pomc expression, mild obesity, and defects in compensatory refeeding. Endocrinology. 2007;148:72-80.

132. Yang JY, Lee SJ, Park HW, Cha YS. Effect of genistein with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. J Med Food. 2006;9:459-67.

133. Yi X, Maeda N. alpha-Lipoic acid prevents the increase in atherosclerosis induced by diabetes in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed high-fat/low-cholesterol diet. Diabetes. 2006;55:2238-44.

134. Yu R, Kim CS, Kwon BS, Kawada T. Mesenteric adipose tissue-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 plays a crucial role in adipose tissue macrophage migration and activation in obese mice. Obesity. 2006;14:1353-62.

135. Zhao Z, Lange DJ, Voustianiouk A, MacGrogan D, Ho L, Suh J, Humala N,
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136. Zorilla, EP, et al. Interleukin-18 controls energy homeostasis by suppressing appetite and feed efficiency. PNAS. 2007, 104:26:11097–11102.

137. Koonen,D PY, et al. Increased Hepatic CD36 Expression Contributes to Dyslipidemia Associated With Diet-Induced Obesity. Diabetes. 2007, 56:2863- 2871.

138. Lin, C, Mei-chin Yin. Effects of cysteine-containing compounds on biosynthesis of triacylglycerol and cholesterol and anti-oxidative protection in liver from mice consuming a high-fat diet. British Journal of Nutrition.2008, 99, 37–43.

DIO Rat Models

1. Bagnasco, Micheka, et al. Leptin Expression in Hypothalmic PVN Reverses Dietary Obesity and Hyper Insulinemia but Stimulates Ghrelin. Obesity Research. 12: 1463-1470. 2003.

2. Borowsky, Beth, et al. Antidepressant, anxiolytic and anorectic effects of a melanin-concentrating hormone-1 receptor antagonist. 8:825-830. 2002.

3. Chan, Catherine, et al. Increased Uncoupling Protein-2 in ß-cells Are Associated Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion. Diabetes. 50:1302-1310.

4. Chen, LI & Nyomba, B.L.G. Glucose Intolerance and Resintin Expression in Rat Offspring Exposed to Ethanol in Utero : Modulation by Postnatal High-Fat Diet. Endocrinology. 144:500-508. 2002.

5. Dakin, Catherine, et al. Peripheral Oxyntomodulation Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight Gain in Rats. Endocrinology. 145:2687-2695. 2003.

6. De Souza, Cláudio, et al. Consumption of a fat-Rich Diet Activates a Proinflammatory Response and 7. Induced Insulin Resistance in the Hypothalmus. Endocrinology. 146:4192-4199. 2004.

7. Drake, Amanda, et al. Reduced Adipose Glucocorticoid Reactivation and Increased Hepatic Glucocorticoid Clearance as an Early Adaptation to High-Fat Feeding in Winstar Rats. Endocrinology. 146:913-919.2004

8. Dube, Michael, ete al. Central Leptin Gene Therapy Blocks High-Fat Diet-Induced Weight Gain, Hyperleptinemia, and Hyperinsulinemia. Diabetes. 51:1729-1736. 2002.

9. Farley, Constance , et al. Meal Pattern Analysis of Diet-Induced Obesity in Susceptibole and Resistant Rats. Obesity Research. 11:845-851. 2003.

10. Fu, Jin, et al. Oleoylethanolamide, an endogenous PPAR-a agonist, lowers body weight and hyperlipidemia in obese rats. Neuropharmacology. 48:1147-1153. 2005.

11. Ghibaudi , Lorraine , et al. Fat Intake Affects Adiposity, Comorbidity Factors, and Energy Metabolism of Sprague-Dawley Rats. Obesity Research. 10:956-963. 2002.

12. Guzmán, Manuel, et al. Oleoylethanolamide Stimulates Lipolysis by Activating the Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor a (PPAR-a). The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279:27849-27854. 2004.

13. He, Zhibin, et al. Modulation of carbohydrate response element-binding protein gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and rat adipose tissue. American Journal of Endocrinol Metabolism. 287: E424-E430. 2004.

14. Gao, Jun, et al. Characterization of diet-induced obese rats that develop persistent obesity after 6 months of high-fat followed by 1 month of low-fat diet. Brain Research. 936:87-90. 2002.

15. Kishino, Eriko, et al. A Mixture of the Salacia reticulate (Kotala himbutu) Aqueous Extract and Cyclodextrin Reduced the Accumuournal of Nutrition. 136: 433-439. 2006.

16. Kowalski, Timothy, et al. Melanin-Containing hormone-1 receptor antagonism decreased feeding by reducing meal size. European Journal of Pharmacology. 497:41-47. 2004.

17. McNeel, Ronald & Mersmann, Harry. Low- and High-Carbohydrate Diets:Body Composition Differences in Rats. Obesity Research. 13:1651-1660.2005.

18. Morin, Catherine, et al. Adipose Tissue-Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor Activity Correlated with Fat Cell Size But Not Insulin Action in aging rats. Endocrinology. 139:4998-5005. 2005.

19. Nordhdein, Ulrich & Hofbaur, Karl. Stimulation of NPY Y 2 receptors by PYY 3-36 reveals divergent cardiovascular effects of endogenous NPY in rats on different dietary regimens. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 286:R138-R142. 2004.

20. Novak, Colleen, Kotz, Catherine, & Levine, James. Central orexin sensitivity, physical activity, and obesity in diet-induced obese and diet-resistant rats. American Journal of Physiology. 290:396-403. 2005.

21. Ogilvie, Kathleen, et al. Activation of the Retinoid X Receptor Suppresses Appetite in the Rat. Endocrinology. 125:565-573. 2004.

22. Otukonyong, Effiong, et al. High-fat Diet-induced Ultradian Leptin and Insulin Hypersecretion are Absent in Obesity-resistant Rats. Obesity Research. 13:991-999. 2005.

23. Relling, David, et al. High-fat diet-induced juvenile obesity leads to cardiomyocyte dysfunction and upregulation of Foxo3a transcription factor independent of lipotoxicity and apoptosis. Journal of Hypertension. 24:549-561.2005.

24. Shklyaev, Stanislav, et al. Sustained peripheral expression of transgene adiponectin offsets the development of diet-induced obesity in rats. PNAS. 100:14217-14222.2003.

25. Stavinoha, Melissa, et al. Diurnal variations in the responsiveness of cardiac and skeletal muscle to fatty acids. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 287:E878-E887. 2004.

26. Taheri, Shahrad, et al. Distribution and quantification of immunoreactive orexin A in fat tissues. FEBS Letters 457:157-161.1999.

27. Tang, Haiying, et al. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging tracks changes in organ and tissue mass in obese and aging rats. Am. J. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 282:R890-R899.2002.

28. Vickers, M.H. Neonatal Leptin Treatment Reverses Developmental Programming. Endocrinology. 146:4211-4216.2005.

D12477 & D12478

1. Martin A, et al. Effect of vitamin E intake on levels of vitamins E and C in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues: implications for health recommendations. Brain Res. 1999; 16:50 -9.

2. Cao G, Shukitt-Hale B, Bickford PC, Joseph JA, McEwen J, & Prior RL. Hyperoxia-induced changes in antioxident capacity and the effect of dietary antioxidants. J. Appl. Physiol. 86(6):1817-1822, 1999.

3. Murray I, Sniderman AD, Havel PJ & Cianflone K. Acylation Stimulating Protein (ASP) Deficiency Alters Postprandial and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Male Mice. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1999

4.Murray I, Havel PJ, Sniderman AD & Cianflone K. Reduced Body Weight, Adipose Tissue, and Leptin Levels Despite Increased Energy Intake in Female Mice Lacking Acylation-Stimulating Protein. Endocrinology. 141:1041-1049; 2000

D12486B

1. Hansen Petrik MB, McEntee MF, Johnson BT, Obukowicz MG, & Whelan J. Highly Unsaturated (n-3) Fatty Acids, but Not a-Linolenic, Conjugated Linoleic or ?-Linolenic Acids, Reduce Tumorigenesis in Apc Min/+ Mice. J Nutr. 130: 2434-2443; 2000.

D12489B, D12490

1. Levy, James, et al. leptin responses to glucose infusions in obesity-prone rats. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 279:E1088-E1096, 2000.

D13106

1. Erdman, J.W. All-trans ß-carotene is absorbed preferentially to 9-cis ß-carotene, but later accumulates in the tiussuesdf of domestic ferrets. Journal of Nutrition. 128:2009-2013, 1998.

D13402 to D13410 - Prior's Oxidative Stress Rodent Diets

1. Cao G, Shukitt-Hale B, Bickford PC, Joseph JA, McEwen J, & Prior RL. Hyperoxia-induced changes in antioxidant capacity and the effect of dietary antioxidants. J. Appl. Physiol. 86(6):1817-1822; 1999.

D16378 & D16379

1. Newmark HL, Yang K, Lipkin M, Kopelovich L, Liu Y, Fan K & Shinozaki H. A Western-style diet induces benign and malignant neoplasms in the colon of normal C57BI/6 mice. Carcinogenesis. 2001; 22:1871-1875

D17010, D17012, D17013, D17015, D17020, & D17030

1. Collister J.P, Hornfeldt B.J., Osborn J.W. Hypotensive Response to Losartan in Normal Rats. Hypertension. 27:598-606. 1996.

2. Collister J.P. & Osborn J. W. Area postrema lesion attenuates the long-term hypotensive effects of losartan in salt-replete rats. Am. J. Physiol. 274:R357-R366. 1998.

3. Collister J.P. & Osborn J. W. The area postrema does not modulate the long-term salt sensitivity of arterial pressure. Am. J. Physiol. 275:R1209-R1217. 1998.

D17012M & D17013

1. Osborn JW & Hornfeldt BJ. Arterial baroreceptor denervation impairs long-term regulation of arterial pressure during dietary salt loading. Am J Physiol. 1998; 275: H1558-1566. (Heart Circ. Physiol 44)

D22302-D22304

1. Fernandez ML, Wilson TA, Conde K, Vergara-Jiminez M & Nicolosi RJ. Hamsters and Guinea Pigs Differ in Their Plasma Lipoprotein Cholesterol Distribution when Fed Diets Varying in Animal Protein, Soluble Fiber, or Cholesterol Content. American Society for Nutritional Sciences. 1999; 0022:1323-1331

D22727A, D22728A, & D22729

1. Vergara-Jiminez M, Conde K, Erickson SK , Fernandez ML. Hypolipidemic mechanisms of pectin and psyllium in guinea pigs fed high fat-sucrose diets: alterations on hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Journal of Lipid Research. 1998; 39:1455-1465

D30269

1. Letter to Editor. Atherosclerosis. 1986; 60:291-293.

2. Kroon , PA (Original Diet Info.)Atherosclerosis. 1982; 44: 41-48.

3. Krause BR et al. ACAT inhibition decreases LDL cholesterol in rabbits fed a cholesterol-free diet. Marked changes in LDL cholesterol without changes in LDL receptor mRNA abundance. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994; 14:598-604.

4. Auerbach BJ et al. Comparative effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on apoB production in the casein-fed rabbit: atorvastatin versus lovastatin. Atherosclerosis. 1995; 115:173-80.

D62206 & D62207

1. Weber RV, Buckley MC, Fried SK & Kral JG. Subcutaneous lipectomy causes a metabolic syndrome in hamsters. Am J Physiol Regulatory Comp Physiol. 2000; 279: R936-943

D77002

1. Coletti AE, Vogl HW, Rahe T & Zambraski EJ. Effects of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on renal function in anesthetized normal and sodium-depleted dogs. J Appl Physiol.1999;86:592-597.

D00031501

1. Combs, T.P., et al. Induction of Adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kilodaltons by PPAR? agonists: a potential mechanism of insulin sensitization. Endocrinology. 143:998-1007, 2002.  

D62206, D66207

Weber, R.V., et al. Subcutaneous lipectomy causes a metabolic syndrome in hamsters. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 279:R936-R943, 2000.

D01080901-02 York diets

Liu, X., et al. Regulation of ghrelin gene expression in stomach and feeding response to a ghrelin analogue in two strains of rats. Peptides. 25:2171-2177, 2004.

D93082402

1. Sweeny JM, Seibert HE, Woda C, Schulkin J, Haramati A, & Mulroney SE. Evidence for induction of a phosphate appetite in juvenile rats. Am J Physiol. 275: R1358-R1365. 1998

Ezetimibe - Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor Test Diets
Research Diets , Inc. formulated many diets with varying concentrations of Ezetimibe (Zetia) for pre-clinical testing in rodents, rabbits, and monkeys.

1. Davis HR, Pula KK, Alton KB, Burrier RE & Watkins RW. The Synergistic Hypocholesterolemic Activity of the Potent Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor, Ezetimibe, in Combination With 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors in Dogs. Metabolism. 50:1234-1241. 2001

2. van Heek M, Austin TM, Farley C, Cook JA, Tetzloff GG & Davis HR. Ezetimibe, a Potent Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor, Normalizes Combined Dyslipidemia in Obese Hyperinsulinemic Hamsters. Diabetes. 50:1330-1335. 2001

3. van Heek M, Compton DS & Davis HR. The cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe, decreases diet-unduced hypercholesterolemia in monkeys. European Journal of Pharmacology. 415: 79-84. 2001

4. van Heek M, France CF, Compton DS, Mcleod RL, Yumibe NP, Alton KB, Sybertz EJ & Davis HR. In Vivo Metabolism-Based Discovery of a Potent Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor, SCH58235, in the Rat and Rhesus Monkey through the Identification of the Active Metabolites of SCH48461. JPET. 283: 157-163. 1997

5. van Heek M, Farley C, Compton DS, Hoos L & Davis HR. Ezetimibe selectively inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption in rodents in the presence and absence of exocrine pancreatic function. BJP. 134:409-417. 2001

6. Shepherd J. The role of the exogenous pathway in hypercholesterolemia. Eur Heart J Supplements. Vol.3 (Suppl) 2001

7. Catapano AL. Ezetimibe: a selective inhibitor of cholesterol absorption. Eur Heart J Supplements. Vol. 3 (Suppl) 2001

8. Stein E. Results of phase I/II clinical trials with ezetimibe, a novel selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor. Eur Heart J Supplements. Vol 3 (Suppl) 2001

9. Leitersdorf E. Cholesterol absorption inhibition: filling an unmet need in lipid-lowering management. Eur Heart J Supplements. Vol 3 (Suppl) 2001

D99102101-02

Felipe, F., et al. Up-regulation of muscle uncoupling protein 3 gene expression in mice following high fat diet, dietary vitamin A supplementation and acute retinoic acid-treatment. International Journal of Obesity. 27:60-69, 2003.

L10012

Ackroff, K. & Scalfani, A. Rats integrate meal cost and postoral changes in caloric density. Physiology and Behavior. 60:927-932, 1996.

L10016A

1. Brown LS, Harris FL, & Guidot DM. Chronic ethanol ingestion potentiates TNF-a-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat type II cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 281: L377-L386. 2001

L10035A & L10036A

1. Smith BK, Andrews PK , York DA & West DB. Divergence in proportional fat intake in AKR/J and SWR/J mice endures across diet paradigms. Am J Physiol. 277:R776-R785.1999 L10038V

1. Smagin GN, Howell LA, Redmann S, Ryan DH, & Harris RBS. Prevention of stress-induced weight loss by third ventricle CRF receptor antagonist. Am J Physiol. 276: R1461-R1468. 1999

L10255BE

1. Fisher H., Halladay A., Ramasubramaniam N., Petrucci J.C., Dagounis D., Sekowski A., Martin J.V., & Wagner G.C. Liver Fat and Plasma Ethanol Are Sharply Lower in Rats Fed Ethanol in Conjunction with High Carbohydrate Compared with High Fat Diets. J. Nutr. 132: 2732-2736. 2002

Guinea Pig Diets

1. Abdel-Fattah, G. et al. Regulation of guinea pig very low density lipoprotein secretion rates by dietary fat saturation. J. Lipid Res. 36: 1188-1198, 1995.

2. Conde, K., et al. Hypocholesterolemic actions of atorvastatin are associated with alterations on hepatic cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein composition in the guinea pig. J. Lipid Res. 37: 2372-2382, 1996.

3. Fernandez, M.L. et al. Regulation of guinea pig plasma low density lipoprotein kinetics by dietary fat saturation. J. Lipid Res. 33: 97-109, 1992.

4. Fernandez, M.L. Dietary fiber and mechanisms of plasma LDL lowering. J. Lipid Res. 36: 2394-2404. 1995.

5. Lin, E. C. K., M. L. Fernandez, M.A. Tosca, and D. J. McNamara. Regulation of hepatic LDL metabolism in the guinea pig by dietary fat and cholesterol. J. Lipid Res. 35: 446-457, 1994.

6. Ramjiganesh, T. et al. 2002. Corn Fiber Oil Lowers Plasma Cholesterol by Altering Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism and Up-Regulating LDL Receptors in Guinea Pigs. J. Nutr. 132: 335–340, 2002.

7. Roy , S. et al. Gender and hormonal status affect the regulation of hepatic cholesterol 7-hydroxylase activity and mRNA abundance by dietary soluble fiber in the guinea pig. Atherosclerosis 163 (2002) 29–37.

8. Vergara-Jimenez, M., K. Conde, S. K. Erickson and M. L. Fernandez. Hypolipidemic mechanisms of pectin and psyllium in guinea pigs fed high fat–sucrose diets: alterations on hepatic cholesterol metabolism. J. Lipid Res. 39: 1455-1465, 1998.

9. West, K. L. et al. 1-[4-[4[(4R,5R)-3,3-Dibutyl-7-(dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxido-1-benzothiepin-5-yl]phenoxy]butyl]-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Methanesulfonate (SC-435), an Ileal Apical Sodium- Codependent Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitor Alters Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism and Lowers Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Concentrations in Guinea Pigs. JPET 303:293–299, 2002.

10. Conde, K. et al. Hypocholesterolemic Effects of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) Reductase Inhibitors in the Guinea Pig. Biochemical Pharmacology, Vol. 58, pp. 1209–1219, 1999.

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